Mathematics

Symplectic topology can be thought as the mathematical versant of String theory: they were born independently at the same time, the second one as a fantastic enterprise to unify large-scale and low-scale physics, and the first one to solve classical dynamical problems on periodic orbits of physical problems, the famous Arnold conjectures. In the 80's, Gromov's revolutionary work opened a new perspective by presenting symplectic topology as an almost Kähler geometry (a concept that he defined), and constructing the corresponding theory which is entirely covariant (whereas algebraic geometry is entirely contravariant). A few years later, Floer and Hofer established the bridge between the two interpretations of Symplectic topology, the one as a dynamical theory and the one as a Kähler theory. This bridge was confirmed for the first time by Lalonde-McDuff who related explicitly the first theory to the second by showing that Gromov's Non-Squeezing Theorem is equivalent to Hofer's energy-capacity inequality.

Nowadays, Symplectic Topology is a very vibrant subject, and there is perhaps no other subject that produces new and deep moduli spaces at such a pace ! More recent results will also be presented.

Avi Wigderson is a widely recognized authority in theoretical computer science. His main research area is computational complexity theory. This field studies the power and limits of efficient computation and is motivated by such fundamental scientific problems as: Does P=NP? Can every efficient process be efficiently reversed? Can randomness enhance efficient computation? Can quantum mechanics enhance efficient computation? He has received, among other awards, both the Nevanlinna Prize and the Gödel Prize.

Abstract: We all Google. You may even have found this talk by Googling. What you may not know is that behind the Google's and other search engines is beautiful and elegant mathematics. In this talk, I will try to explain the workings of page ranking and search engines using only rusty calculus.

Bio: Dr. Margot Gerritsen is the Director of the Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering at Stanford University. She is also the chair of the SIAM Activity group in Geoscience, the co-director and founder of the Stanford Center of Excellence for Computational Algorithms in Digital Stewardship, and the director of Stanford Yacht Research. She has been appointed to several prestigious positions, including Magne Espedal Professorship at Bergen University, Aldo Leopold Fellow, Faculty Research Fellow at the Clayman Institute and she is also a Stanford Fellow. She is the editor of the Journal of Small Craft Technology and an associate editor of Transport in Porous Media. We are delighted to have Dr. Gerritsen participate in the Mathematics of Planet Earth series.

Bootstrap percolation, one of the simplest cellular automata, can be viewed as an oversimplified model of the spread of an infection on a graph. In the past three decades, much work has been done on bootstrap percolation on finite grids of a given dimension in which the initially infected set A is obtained by selecting its vertices at random, with the same probability p, independently of all other choices. The focus has been on the critical probability, the value of p at which the probability of percolation (eventual full infection) is 1/2.

The first half of my talk will be a review of some of the fundamental results concerning critical probabilities proved by Aizenman, Lebowitz, Schonman, Cerf, Cirillo, Manzo, Holroyd and others, and by Balogh, Morris, Duminil-Copin and myself. The second half will about about the very recent results I have obtained with Holmgren, Smith, Uzzell and Balister on the time a random initial set takes to percolate.

Public Health Decision-Making in Global HIV/STIs