We look at the mathematical theory of partial differential equations as applied to the wave equation. In particular, we examine questions about existence and uniqueness of solutions, and various solution techniques.
An explicit part of my agenda with these lectures is to encourage more mathematicians to seriously consider issues coming from the social sciences; let me assure you that you will find different and new mathematical issues. In the other direction, I also hope to encourage social scientists to appreciate the important gains that can result by using serious mathematics; I want to encourage the social scientists to seriously consider using this powerful approach. Because of these twin goals, my lectures, and these notes, are explicitly designed to address both audiences. For instance, the beginning of each section consists of examples which are intended to help develop intuition about the issues at hand. Then, toward the end of each section, there is a slightly stronger mathematical emphasis which is intended for the mathematicians. Nevertheless, I encourage the social scientists reading these notes to push on through this somewhat more technical material.
Table of Contents:
1. Mathematical Physical vs. Social Sciences
2. Symmetry galore!
3. Singularity theory and departmental meetings
4. Evolutionary game theory
5. Adam Smith’s “Invisible hand” — and continuous foliations
An explicit part of my agenda with these lectures is to encourage more mathematicians to seriously consider issues coming from the social sciences; let me assure you that you will find different and new mathematical issues. In the other direction, I also hope to encourage social scientists to appreciate the important gains that can result by using serious mathematics; I want to encourage the social scientists to seriously consider using this powerful approach. Because of these twin goals, my lectures, and these notes, are explicitly designed to address both audiences.
I will present a survey of modelling, computational, and analytical work on thin liquid films of viscous fluids. I will particularly focus on films that are being acted on by more than one force. For example, if you've painted the ceiling, how do you model the effects of surface tension and gravity? How do you study the dynamics of the air/liquid interface? How do things change if you're considering a freshly painted wall? Or floor?
Infectious diseases continue to have a major impact on individuals, populations, and the economy, even though some of them have been eradicated (e.g. small pox). Unlike many other ecological systems, many infectious diseases are well documented by spatio-temporal data sets of occurrence and impact. In addition, in particular for childhood diseases, the dynamics of the disease in a single individual are fairly well understood and fairly simple. As such, infectious diseases are a great field for mathematical modeling, and for connecting these models to data. In this article, we concentrate on three issues, namely (1) comparative childhood disease dynamics and vaccination, (2) spatio-temporal disease dynamics, and (3) evolution in diseases with multiple strains. The mathematical techniques used in the analysis of disease models contain bifurcation theory for ODEs, wavelet analysis, stochastic simulations and various forms of data fitting.
This paper offers a simple approach to the theory of decentralizing inventory and pricing decisions within a distribution system. We consider an upstream manufacturer selling to two outlets, which compete as differentiated duopolists and face uncertain demand. Demand spillovers between the outlets arise in the event of stock-outs. The price mechanism, in which each outlet simply pays a wholesale price and chooses price and inventory, never coordinates incentives efficiently. Contracts that can elicit first-best decisions include resale price floors or buy-back policies (retailer-held options to sell inventory back to the manufacturers) with fixed fees. The combination of a buy-back option plus a resale price ceiling elicits the first-best without the need for a fixed fee and is robust to asymmetry in information about demand at the time of contracting.